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Alcohol Oxidation
by Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the development of sustainable processes for large-scale production of commodities. As such, Alcohol Oxidation: Reaction, Effects and Applications addresses recent developments in metal-catalyzed selective oxidation reactions of alcohols to carbonyl-containing compounds under unconventional conditions. Following this, the authors examine how simple alcohols have been used as feedstocks for the preparation of a variety of enantioenriched substances. Cascade reactions allow for the elaboration of complex molecules from simple starting materials in a very efficient way. Several bonds can be made in one-pot procedures without the need for intermediates to be isolated. Metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks are two classes of highly porous materials that have been heavily investigated in recent years. As such, in this compilation the authors focus on the use of metal-organic frameworks as heterogeneous oxidation catalysts. Enantiopure alcohols are important starting materials and intermediates for the synthesis of many biologically active compounds and fine chemicals. The use of enzymes for the kinetic resolution of racemates has produced affordable enantiopure compounds in good yields, however non-enzymatic chiral catalytic systems have been gaining ground. Accordingly, the effective non-enzymatic oxidative kinetic resolutions of racemic alcohols and related compounds such as diols or benzoins are summarized and discussed. Lastly, the potential employment of the electrochemical process to oxidize alcohols in a more efficient way than the usual chemical method is presented. The use of the electrode potential as a controllable variable and driving force of the process allows for the oxidation of some alcohol molecules without of the very aggressive nature of reactants.ISBN: 9781536146042Publication Date: 2018-11-29
Lead
by Volume 17, entitled Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences centers on the interrelations between biosystems and lead. The book provides an up-to-date review of the bioinorganic chemistry of this metal and its ions; it covers the biogeochemistry of lead, its use (not only as gasoline additive) and anthropogenic release into the environment, its cycling and speciation in the atmosphere, in waters, soils, and sediments, and also in mammalian organs. The analytical tools to determine and to quantify this toxic element in blood, saliva, urine, hair, etc. are described. The properties of lead(II) complexes formed with amino acids, peptides, proteins (including metallothioneins), nucleobases, nucleotides, nucleic acids, and other ligands of biological relevance are summarized for the solid state and for aqueous solutions as well. All this is important for obtaining a coherent picture on the properties of lead, its effects on plants and toxic actions on mammalian organs. This and more is treated in an authoritative and timely manner in the 16 stimulating chapters of Volume 17, which are written by 36 internationally recognized experts from 13 nations. The impact of this recently again vibrant research area is manifested in nearly 2000 references, over 50 tables and more than 100 illustrations (half in color). Lead: Its Effects on Environment and Health is an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from material sciences, inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine including the clinic ... not forgetting that it also provides excellent information for teaching.ISBN: 9783110433012Publication Date: 2017-04-10
Understanding the Periodic Table
by Chemistry is literally a part of our lives every day. This series introduces you to elements that help you live, thrive, drive, eat, fly, communicate, and more. Each book tells the in-depth story of one vital element.ISBN: 9781422238462Publication Date: 2017-01-01
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Chromatography
by Provides students and practitioners with a solid grounding in the theory of chromatography, important considerations in its application, and modern instrumentation. Highlights the primary variables that practitioners can manipulate, and how those variables influence chromatographic separations Includes multiple figures that illustrate the application of these methods to actual, complex chemical samples Problems are embedded throughout the chapters as well as at the end of each chapter so that students can check their understanding before continuing on to new sections Each section includes numerous headings and subheadings, making it easy for faculty and students to refer to and use the information within each chapter selectively The focused, concise nature makes it useful for a modular approach to analytical chemistry coursesISBN: 9781119270881Publication Date: 2016-09-13
Opportunities and Obstacles in Large-Scale Biomass Utilization by
Based on a one-day public workshop held in Washington, DC, Opportunities and Obstacles in Large-Scale Biomass Utilization: The Role of the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Communities: A Workshop Summary explores the current state of biomass utilization for bulk-production of sustainable fuels and chemicals. The discussion focused on the chemistry and chemical engineering opportunities to meet the aforementioned objectives. Both formal presentations and breakout working groups were components of the workshop in an effort to stimulate engaging discussion among participants from widely varying fields.
ISBN: 9780309278652Publication Date: 2012-12-28
Phase Transformations
by This book is part of a set of books which offers advanced students successive characterization tool phases, the study of all types of phase (liquid, gas and solid, pure or multi-component), process engineering, chemical and electrochemical equilibria, and the properties of surfaces and phases of small sizes. Macroscopic and microscopic models are in turn covered with a constant correlation between the two scales. Particular attention has been given to the rigor of mathematical developments. This fifth volume is devoted to the study of transformations and equilibria between phases. First- and second-order pure phase transformations are presented in detail, just as with the macroscopic and microscopic approaches of phase equilibria. In the presentation of binary systems, the thermodynamics of azeotropy and demixing are discussed in detail and applied to strictly-regular solutions. Eutectic and peritectic points are examined, as well as the reactions that go with them. The study of ternary systems then introduces the concepts of ternary azeotropes and eutectics. For each type of solid-liquid system, the interventions of definite compounds with or without congruent melting are taken into account. The particular properties of the different notable points of a diagram are also demonstrated.ISBN: 9781119178583Publication Date: 2016-03-14
Radiation Chemistry
by This book gives a progress report on the many and original contributions of radiation chemistry to the fundamental knowledge of the vast domain of chemical reactions and its applications. Radiation chemistry techniques indeed make it possible to elucidate detailed physicochemical mechanisms in inorganic and organic chemistry (including in space) and in biochemistry. Moreover, this comprehension is applied in materials science to precisely control syntheses by radiation, such as radiopolymerisation, radiografting, specific treatment of surfaces (textiles, paintings, inks, etc.), synthesis of complex nanomaterials, degradation of environmental pollutants and radioresistance of materials for nuclear reactors. In life sciences, the study of the effects of radiation on biomacromolecules (DNA, proteins, lipids) not only permits the comprehension of normal or pathological biological mechanisms, but also the improvement of our health. In particular, many advances in cancer radiotherapy, in the radioprotection of nuclear workers and the general population, as well as in the treatment of diseases and the radiosterilization of drugs, could be obtained thanks to this research. Abundantly illustrated and written in English by top international specialists who have taken care to render the subjects accessible, this work will greatly interest those curious about a scientific field that is new to them and students attracted by the original and multidisciplinary aspects of the field. At a time when radiation chemistry research is experiencing spectacular development in numerous countries, this book will attract many newcomers to the field.ISBN: 9782759803170Publication Date: 2020-11-04
